Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation

The base year in the greenhouse gas inventory of Antalya Province is 2019, the total population is 2,511,700 people. In 2020, the total population reached 2,548,308 people, an increase of 1.5% in one year.

Antalya Province is a tourism center in the south of Turkey, with its center on the Mediterranean Coast. The surface area of Antalya Province is 20,177 km2 and the length of the Antalya coast is 630 km in total.

In Antalya, which has a Mediterranean climate, winters are mild and rainy, and summers are hot and dry. The highest annual temperature recorded in the 1930-2020 period of the province is 45°C, and the annual average precipitation is 1061.7 m. (Yağış miktarı birimi olaram mm kullanılması gerekiyor olabilir mi? Eğer gözden kaçmışsa 1061.7 m yerine mm olacak.)

Within the scope of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP), the greenhouse gas emissions of Antalya province in 2019 are 8.232.9919 tCO2e excluding industry, energy consumption is 21.493.229 MWh and per capita emissions are 3.28 tCO2e. In 2019, greenhouse gas emission per capita, including Antalya industry, is 4.25 tons of CO2e, and the average of Turkey is 6.1 tons of CO2e.

By the end of 2030, a 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in Antalya is targeted.

2019 Greenhouse Gas Inventory of Antalya

2030 sectoral reduction targets of Antalya

The Antalya Sustainable Energy Action Plan, prepared in 2021, creates a roadmap for reducing emissions from energy consumption in different sectors determined with the participation of urban stakeholders.

As a result of the work done to reduce the effects of climate change in Antalya, it aims to reduce the current and future greenhouse gas effects in order to mitigate the effects of climate change with the greenhouse gas reduction approach. It has been concluded that with the reduction measures put forward in the sectors, a 40% reduction can be achieved in Antalya's per capita emissions by 2030 compared to 2019. Each action has been aligned with the Antalya Metropolitan Municipality Strategic Plan, which includes the municipality's defined targets for the years 2020-2024.

With the increase in global warming, the effects of climate change have become more noticeable with each passing day. With the increase in the severity and frequency of extreme weather events, climate change causes devastating effects on people and their habitats.

It is now a scientific fact that this situation is caused by emissions from human activities. Even if emissions are reduced in order to combat climate change and reduce its effects, the effects of climate change created by previous emissions will continue. In this context, there is a need for adaptation actions as well as mitigation measures in order to be less affected by climate change and to reduce its effects. Adaptation refers to adjustments in ecological, social or economic systems in response to actual or anticipated climate change and its effects. It also covers changes to be made to mitigate potential harms and take advantage of the opportunities that may arise with climate change. Therefore, on the one hand, the climate change process should be slowed down with mitigation actions, and on the other hand, measures should be taken against the inevitable consequences of climate change by addressing pre-disaster and post-disaster vulnerabilities with adaptation actions. In this area, the climate adaptation plans that cities need to make are a roadmap for environmental, social and economic resistance to climate change.

Through the climate adaptation plan prepared to combat climate change, targets have been adopted to reduce the effects of weather events that occur due to changing climatic conditions and are predicted to occur in the future. It has been pointed out that these goals can be achieved by implementing actions such as protecting floodplains, adopting green infrastructure strategies, and adapting infrastructures.

Elimination of climate change risks or reducing their effects will only be possible with a comprehensive implementation process for Antalya.

As seen in the figure, the most important topics covering reduction activities are public transportation, energy use, circular economy and human behavior.

Antalya is one of the very special cities both in Turkey and in the world in terms of forest wealth, intensive agriculture and tourism activities, and natural and cultural heritage richness.

Antalya climate adaptation plan aims to alleviate the perceived effects of climate change and increase the quality of urban life. The plan focuses on issues such as the management of high and abruptly changing temperatures, water resources management, reducing flooding and soil erosion, and reducing the impact of frequent extreme weather events. In the fight against climate change in Antalya, it is important to create a sustainable and durable city structure against long-term and sudden effects.

The most critical activities in adaptation activities are the implementation of disaster-resilient urban plans and design practices, emergency response plans, harmonized infrastructure systems, green infrastructure systems, sustainable agriculture and tourism to make the region climate-resilient.

Landscape

Production of grass seedlings resistant to arid and dry conditions

For the first time in Turkey, our municipality has started the production of grass seedlings resistant to arid and dry conditions.

As Antalya Metropolitan Municipality, it is aimed to both meet our own needs and contribute to the economy with grass seedlings that are resistant to arid and dry conditions, which we grow in our production facility. Zoysia and St Augustine grass seedlings, which are an exemplary project and resistant to dry and dry conditions, are produced and transferred to the fields.

•  60% water saving.

•  No need fertilizing and spraying.

•  It reduces maintenance labor by 50%.

•  Due to the taste, insects and worms do not harm this grass. No use of chemicals. No known disease.

•  It is a type of grass that can be keept green for 10-11 months in Antalya.

For our target of 750 thousand drought-resistant grass seedlings in 2022, our rootstock seedlings are planted in our facility with our own personnel and facilities.

Xeriscaping Applications

The amount and rates of savings to be obtained in the maintenance of a total area of 2,458,833.54 m2 in 5 Central Districts with xerophytic landscaping applications have been calculated.

It is aimed to reduce the water and electricity consumed in the irrigation of green areas under our responsibility by 50%, and the annual maintenance labor, fertilizer and pesticide costs by 30%. For this purpose, studies on dissemination of xeriscape practices have been started, step by step.

Carbon Sink Studies

Projects and studies carried out within the scope of afforestation studies of our municipality:

•  Golden Orange Memorial Forest (32,500 decares).

•  Protocol with Turkish Education Association (12,000 sapling donation).

•  A Sapling for Every Child Project.

•  Protocol with the International Confederation of Food and Agriculture (1 million sapling donation).

•  Ankara Metropolitan Municipality (13 thousand tree donation).

Transportation

Eco-Friendly Transportation

Rapid urbanization, intense population growth, climate change, air pollution and energy shortages have made human and environment-oriented sustainable transportation practices mandatory for our future generations. With our understanding of "Human-Oriented Transportation", we are working with sensitivity to carry our Antalya to the next years and to offer sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation services.

We are increasing our environmentally friendly practices within the scope of the Transportation Master Plan and sustainable transportation, which guides the medium and long-term transportation needs, investment and project studies of our province. Our environmentally friendly practices;

•  Integration of Transport Modes.

•  Dissemination of Rail System Network.

•  Use of Public Transportation Vehicles with High Energy Efficiency and Not Harmful to the Environment.

•  Bicycle Applications.

•  Smart Intersection Systems.

Integration of Transport Modes

Feeding Line Arrangements (B35, B45, B46, B46A) were made by canceling the bus lines with low passenger density and alternatives on the route parallel to the 2nd Stage Rail System Line, with a holistic planning approach that will ensure the integrated operation of public transportation types.

With the arrangements,

•  The number of public transport vehicles with tires has been reduced,

•  Saved on the basis of km,

•  Integration with the rail system is provided.

Raylı Sistemin Yaygınlaştırılması

Infrastructure works are continuing rapidly to expand the rail system network, which does not pollute the air, water and soil, does not disturb people with its noise, provides fast, comfortable and environmentally friendly transportation with modern public transportation vehicles that work with 100% electricity, throughout the city.

1st Stage Light Rail System;

Fatih-Meydan Güzergahı, 11.1 km. Hat Uzunluğu ve 16 adet İstasyon

2nd Stage Light Rail System;

Meydan-Havaalanı-Expo Güzergahı, 19.1 km. Hat Uzunluğu ve 15 adet İstasyon

3rd Stage Light Rail System;

Varsak-Sakarya-Otogar-Üniversite-Meltem-Antalya Museum Route, 24,85 km. Line Length and 39 stations

In order to expand the rail system network throughout our city, work has been started for the 4th Stage Konyaaltı - Varsak Rail System Line.

Eco-Friendly Electric Bus

We are developing the public transportation system with innovative and environmentally friendly approaches. We aim to transform motor buses into electric buses for the future of Antalya, to increase clean air quality and to reduce emissions from transportation.

It is planned to use buses that are 100% electric, zero emission, comfortable, domestically produced, silent, suitable for the disabled, in urban public transportation services.

2 electric buses purchased within the scope of the Horizon 2020 MAtchUp project have been included in the public transport fleet.

Work is underway to start operating on the routes to be determined. In the upcoming period, it is aimed to increase the number of electric vehicles and to enrich the public transportation vehicle fleet with environmentally friendly technology.

Bicycle Applications

We attach great importance to the bicycle as a sustainable and environmentally friendly means of transportation, and we continue to work to expand the bicycle path network in the city, to ensure the integration of bicycles with other public transportation vehicles, in order to promote the use of bicycles.

Transport Master Plan (UAP) Bicycle Network

Bicycle - Public Transport Integration

In order to popularize bicycle transportation and to ensure integration with other public transportation vehicles, the “Integration of Bicycle Transportation to Public Transportation” Project was implemented. Bicycle transport apparatuses were installed on 25 buses used in urban transportation in Antalya.

By integrating with Antalya Card, the citizens are able to follow public transportation vehicles with bicycle carrying apparatus through the system.

With this project, which will spread the use of bicycles, ABB entered the top 10 in the "Bicycle Transportation Idea and Project Implementation Competition for Municipalities" organized by the Union of Municipalities of Turkey due to the European Mobility Week, and won 250 thousand TL grant and 8 bicycle awards.

Smart Junction Systems

With the number of 1 million 155 thousand 543 vehicles, Antalya is the 4th province with the highest number of vehicles registered to traffic in Turkey. Due to the increase in the number of vehicles, especially in recent years, long vehicle queues occur from time to time at the main arteries and junctions of the city. We started to produce solutions to the traffic density at the intersections with the Smart Junction Project.

The application, which started at the Laura AVM junction and İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü junction, where the traffic density is high, has been completed at a total of 40 smart junctions in the current situation.

The smart signaling system at the intersections manages the traffic with a dynamic application, optimizes the signal times, minimizes the unnecessary waiting times of the vehicles at the red light, not only saves time, but also saves fuel, and contributes to the protection of the environment by reducing carbon emissions.

Efforts to popularize smart intersection applications, which are a solution to the traffic density at intersections and contribute to environmental protection, are continuing rapidly throughout the province.

With smart intersection applications to be spread throughout the province and other environmentally friendly sustainable transportation projects and activities,

We are happy to contribute to Antalya's future, clean air quality and the environment.

Agriculture

Solar Energy and Electrical Energy Support Applications for Farmers in Agricultural Irrigation

Establishment of solar power plants,

Protecting the environment with the use of clean energy sources,

Providing farmers with solar energy and electrical energy support in agricultural irrigation,

Economic support of farmers' production and The country's economy was supported.

In order to reduce farmer input costs, we meet 70% of the energy needs of 46 irrigation cooperatives with the energy we produce at the municipality's 4.86 MW SPP facility. In the last 3 years, the energy cost of 42,141,915.77 TL for 10 thousand households has been covered by the municipality.

Project preparations continue for a 3 MW SPP plant and a pumping system with individual SPP.

Agricultural Practices Compatible with Climate Change

Ensuring the use and continuity of water is of great importance in the fight against climate change. 73% of Turkey's fresh water consumption occurs in agriculture, 11% in industry, and 16% in domestic use. Efforts are underway to ensure efficient use of water and sustainability.

•  MANAVGAT ÇARDAK TAŞAĞIL IRRIGATION FACILITY

•  DEMRE TERFİ CLOSED IRRIGATION FACILITY

•  KAŞ YUVACIK CLOSED IRRIGATION FACILITY

•  FİNİKE-TEKKE-ALAKIR IRRIGATION FACILITY

•  GÜNDOĞMUŞ KARADERE IRRIGATION FACILITY

•  GÜNDOĞMUŞ KÖPRÜLÜ IRRIGATION FACILITY

•  GÜNDOĞMUŞ BEDAN IRRIGATION FACILITY

•  ELMALI ÇUKURELMA IRRIGATION FACILITY

In total, more than 30,000 decares of land have been transferred from wild flooding systems to closed irrigation systems.

From 2019 until today, more than 5500 farmer families benefited from these supports:

•  222,204 meters of pipes, 244 valves, 5 motor pumps and 32 irrigation hydrants were provided.

•  In general, 60% was saved in water usage. Efficiency has increased by 55%.

Smart Agriculture Applications

To prevent misuse of pesticides, fertilizers and water, as well as to encourage the adoption of digital agricultural technologies by producers and to obtain healthy and quality products, firstly a digital tracking system was put into practice in which members of Elmalı-Çukurelma Irrigation, Kumluca Agricultural Development Cooperative, Kaş District and Mavikent-Yenicepınar Irrigation Cooperative were included.

It is aimed to produce more with less input by using the resources correctly and effectively. Within the scope of the project, both the producer and our technical teams can monitor the production area through the mobile application installed on the producer's mobile phone using the greenhouse apparatus, and immediately intervene in heat, humidity, fertilization, early and late frosts.

With the Smart Agriculture Application:

•  The data inside the greenhouse will be monitored instantly.

•  Soil, heat, humidity, electrical production data will be reported on a daily, weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual basis and can be archived by examining them in graphics and Excel.

•  Alert can be received with the alarm system. Manufacturers will be able to receive notifications via SMS and e-mail.

Farmer Data System (FDS)

Software preparations are underway to establish a data system in our 612 Neighborhoods to monitor the development of our agricultural support and its effects on the development of the region. With this system, we aim to map the Antalya Province Production Value Stream.

Identifying waste sources in production,

Creating a common language for production regions,

To be effective in systematically taking the decisions taken by the producers in the field and arranging the production,

Making the relationship between information and material flow visible,

With the data to be collected in order to be effective in determining the precautions to be taken in production, it is aimed to establish a system in which the producer can obtain the highest income with the right product, by using the resources they have in the best way (for example, water source).

Soil Analysis

It is planned to obtain the highest yield from the unit area by analyzing the soil samples taken from 19 districts and creating a fertilization recipe according to the product type. It is aimed to prevent unnecessary and surplus fertilization, to reduce production inputs and to develop a conscious production method. Samples taken from the greenhouses and gardens of our producers were evaluated in the soil analysis laboratory. Recipes were prepared and shared with manufacturers.

Biological and Biotechnical Control

•  In order to encourage the production of healthy and high quality products, hunter-insect production and field applications have been started in the field of Biological Control. Sustainable agricultural techniques have become widespread in the region by preventing the use of chemical pesticides that are harmful to nature and humans, by combating mealybug pests on citrus and pomegranate fruit trees with the help of predatory insects.

•  For this, 462 thousand predators and 925 thousand parasitoid insects were distributed over an area of 2500 decares. Apart from this, 65200 yellow and blue sticky traps were distributed to the producer within the scope of biological control against pests in greenhouse cultivation.

•  1250 traps were distributed on an area of 250 decares to combat the Mediterranean fruit fly problem in Kumluca district.

•  40 electric mushroom fly traps were given to 8 mushroom growers for 6 months in Korkuteli District Akyar Neighborhood. The traps are for demonstration purposes and will be given to other producers after 6 months.

•  Within the scope of TURKEY PROJECT, biological control was initiated against the locusts invading the Eynif pasture of İbradı District. 10 tons of turkey feed and 2000 turkeys were distributed to the region in order to combat the locusts, which invade 9 thousand decares of 20 thousand decares of pasture and cause damage to livestock by growing grasses. While the fight against locusts, which also harm the products of the surrounding farmers, is ensured, the production of turkey meat, which will be an additional source of income for the producers, is also encouraged.

•  Disease and pest control is carried out in the gardens at the request of the producers.

Alternative Product and Grant Supports

Sapling seedling and seed support are provided to the local people by providing trainings on the cultivation of regional products due to climate change.

In order to support regional beekeeping, trainings are given, approved by the Ministry of National Education, in which modern beekeeping techniques are explained. In addition, beehive and Lacy phacelia supports are made with the aim of increasing productivity in production.

We provide support to the farmers in case of emergency and disaster commission, severe weather conditions due to climate change or losses due to technical failure. In this context, a total of 46,170 m2 of plastic greenhouse cover was donated to 49 greenhouse producers who were damaged in the storm and identified by us.

Sustainable Innovative Solutions for the City

Smart Park Lighting Systems

Energy efficiency was achieved by integrating 350 Smart Led Luminaires into the garden of Atatürk Culture Park. These lighting systems, called smart lighting poles, are applications that provide high security and efficiency, are cost-effective and support environmental awareness by using parks, gardens and street lights more intelligently than simple on-off systems, managed with a remote monitoring system.

Smart Home Automations

Antalya Metropolitan Municipality, a Lighthouse City of the European Union Horizon 2020 MAtchUP Project, provided energy efficiency by integrating smart home automation systems into 534 apartments in the Kepez Santral Urban Transformation Project, which was selected as a pilot region within the framework of the Ecological Smart City vision. Thanks to the smart meters installed in the houses, air conditioning systems, water and electricity consumption, and ambient temperature are monitored via smart phones. Household residents in the application area had the opportunity to observe their energy consumption.